Bromelain References

1. Walker AF, Bundy R, Hicks SM, Middleton RW. "Bromelain reduces mild acute knee pain and improves well-being in a dose-dependent fashion in an open study of otherwise healthy adults." Phytomedicine. 2002 Dec;9(8):681-6. Online
2. Tilwe GH, Beria S, Turakhia NH, Daftary GV, Schiess W. "Efficacy and tolerability of oral enzyme therapy as compared to diclofenac in active osteoarthrosis of knee joint: an open randomized controlled clinical trial." J Assoc Physicians India. 2001 Jun;49:617-21. Online
3. Metzig C, Grabowska E, Eckert K, Rehse K, Maurer HR. "Bromelain proteases reduce human platelet aggregation in vitro, adhesion to bovine endothelial cells and thrombus formation in rat vessels in vivo." In Vivo. 1999 Jan-Feb;13(1):7-12. Online
4. Engwerda CR, Andrew D, Murphy M, Mynott TL. "Bromelain activates murine macrophages and natural killer cells in vitro." Cell Immunol. 2001 May 25;210(1):5-10.
5. Leipner J, Iten F, Saller R. " Therapy with proteolytic enzymes in rheumatic disorders " BioDrugs. 2001;15(12):779-89. Online
6. Wittenborg A, Bock PR, Hanisch J, Saller R, Schneider B. "Comparative epidemiological study in patients with rheumatic diseases illustrated in a example of a treatment with non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs versus an oral enzyme combination preparation." Arzneimittelforschung. 2000 Aug;50(8):728-38.
7. Snowden HM, Renfrew MJ, Woolridge MW. "Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation." Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(2):CD000046.
8. Graf J."Herbal anti-inflammatory agents for skin disease." Skin Therapy Lett. 2000;5(4):3-5.
9. Eckert K, Grabowska E, Stange R, Schneider U, Eschmann K, Maurer HR. "Effects of oral bromelain administration on the impaired immunocytotoxicity of mononuclear cells from mammary tumor patients." Oncol Rep. 1999 Nov-Dec;6(6):1191-9. Online
10. Shahid SK, Turakhia NH, Kundra M, Shanbag P, Daftary GV, Schiess W."Efficacy and safety of phlogenzym--a protease formulation, in sepsis in children.J Assoc Physicians India. 2002 Apr;50:527-31.
11. Roep BO, van den Engel NK, van Halteren AG, Duinkerken G, Martin S. "Modulation of autoimmunity to beta-cell antigens by proteases." Diabetologia. 2002 May;45(5):686-92. Epub 2002 Mar 28. Online
12. Glade MJ, Kendra D, Kaminski MV Jr. "Improvement in protein utilization in nursing-home patients on tube feeding supplemented with an enzyme product derived from Aspergillus niger and bromelain." Nutrition. 2001 Apr;17(4):348-50.
13. Kumakura S, Yamashita M, Tsurufuji S. "Effect of bromelain on kaolin-induced inflammation in rats." Eur J Pharmacol. 1988 Jun 10;150(3):295-301. Online